Introduction to Policing, Third Edition continues to focus on the thought-provoking, contemporary issues that underscore the challenging and rewarding world of policing. Steven M. Cox, Susan Marchionna, and experienced law enforcement officer Brian D. Fitch balance theory, research, and practice to give students a comprehensive, yet concise, overview of both the foundations of policing and the expanded role of today’s police officers. The accessible and engaging writing style, combined with stories from the field, make policing concepts and practices easy for students to understand and analyse. Unique coverage of policing in multicultural communities, the impact of technology on policing, and extensive coverage of policing strategies and procedures — such as those that detail the use of force —make this bestselling book a must-have for policing courses. Table Of Contents PART I. FOUNDATIONS OF POLICING Chapter 1. POLICING IN AMERICA The Concept and Mandate of the Police Scope of the Law Enforcement Sector Levels of Policing A Changing Landscape Additional Types of Police Chapter 2. A BRIEF HISTORY OF POLICE IN THE UNITED STATES English Roots of Policing The Evolution of Early American Policing The Political Era The Reform Era The Era of Social Upheaval (1960s and 1970s) The Community-Policing Era (1980-Present) Some Contemporary Policing Strategies Policing in the Past, Present, and Future Chapter 3. POLICE ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION: AN OVERVIEW Organizational Structures Operations Division Organizational Substructures Handling Change in Police Organizations Police Militarization Police Unions and Collective Bargaining Police Professionalism PART II. POLICE OPERATIONS Chapter 4. RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION OF POLICE OFFICERS The Importance of Recruitment and Selection Anti-Discrimination Legislation Entry-Level Recruitment and Selection Testing of Candidates Supervisory Recruitment and Selection Recruitment and Selection of Police Chiefs Chapter 5. POLICE TRAINING AND EDUCATION Police Education Research on College Education and Police Performance Police Training Types of Training Challenges Chapter 6. POLICE WORK: OPERATIONS AND FUNCTIONS Basic Police Functions Styles of Policing Patrol Strength and Allocation Other Types of Patrol Evaluating Patrol Evaluation of Police Performance Police and the Media Chapter 7. CONTEMPORARY STRATEGIES IN POLICING Community Policing Problem-Oriented Policing Research on Community- and Problem-Oriented Policing Criticisms of Community Policing The Current Status of COP and POP Innovations in Policing Strategies PART III. POLICE CONDUCT Chapter 8. THE POLICE CULTURE AND WORK STRESS What is Culture? Analyzing Police Subculture Types of Stresses in Police Work Effects and Consequences of Police Stress Police Shootings and Critical Incidents Counteracting Police Stress Chapter 9. LAW, COURT DECISIONS, AND THE POLICE The 1st Amendment The 2nd Amendment The 4th Amendment The 5th Amendment The 14th Amendment The Exclusionary Rule Police Use of Force The Patriot Act, Homeland Security, and Terrorism Chapter 10. DISCRETION AND ETHICS IN POLICING Police Discretion Ethics and Police Conduct Leadership and Improving Decision-Making Chapter 11. POLICE MISCONDUCT AND ACCOUNTABILITY Corruption Other Types of Police Misconduct Research on Police Misconduct and Use of Force The Impact of Misconduct Causes of Misconduct-Bad Apples or Bad Barrels? Misconduct: Management and Administrative Issues Accountability PART IV. CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN POLICING Chapter 12. POLICING IN A DIVERSE SOCIETY Policing in a Multicultural and Multiethnic Society Police-Community Conflict Public Image of the Police Police in the Community Women in Policing Minority Police Officers Chapter 13. TECHNOLOGY AND THE POLICE The Costs and Benefits of Technology Computers Video Cameras Surveillance Technology Crime Mapping Biological Identifiers Speed Detection Devices or Systems Armor and Weapons Chapter 14. TRANSNATIONAL CRIME, WHITE-COLLAR CRIME, AND TERRORISM Transnational Crime White-Collar Crime Terrorism Local Response to Terrorism and Transnational Organized Crime Chapter 15. PRIVATE POLICE History and Background The Current Private Security Force Private and Contract Security Personnel Authority, Requirements, and Accountability Private versus Public Police Coordinating Public Police and Private Security PART V. LOOKING AHEAD Chapter 16. THE FUTURE OF POLICING IN AMERICA The Changing Context Ongoing and Strategic Change Terrorism and Future Policing